Apkoppor Wikipedia: What You Need to Know About This Rare Disease
Apkoppor, or monkeypox, is a very rare disease that is caused by infection with the apkoppsvirus. It is a zoonotic disease, which means that it can be transmitted from animals to humans, but it can also spread between humans in rare cases. Apkoppor mainly occurs in western and central Africa, where it affects both wild and domestic animals, as well as humans. Apkoppor can cause serious illness and even death, especially in children and people with weakened immune systems. In this article, we will explain what apkoppor are, how they are diagnosed and treated, and what their history and current situation are.
What are apkoppor?
Definition and causes of apkoppor
Apkoppor is a disease that is caused by the apkoppsvirus, which belongs to the family Poxviridae and the genus Orthopoxvirus. This virus is a large DNA virus that replicates and multiplies in the cytoplasm of the host cells, and prevents the host's immune system from inducing cell death. The virus can infect various mammals, such as monkeys, rodents, squirrels, rabbits, dogs, cats, and humans. The virus is transmitted through contact with saliva, respiratory secretions, wound fluids, or feces of infected animals or humans. The incubation period of the virus ranges from 5 to 21 days, after which the symptoms appear.
apkoppor wikipedia
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Symptoms and diagnosis of apkoppor
The symptoms of apkoppor are similar to those of smallpox, but less severe. The most common symptom is a fever that lasts for 2 to 4 days, followed by a rash that starts on the face and then spreads to other parts of the body. The rash consists of small bumps that become fluid-filled blisters and then crust over. The rash can be very itchy and painful, and can leave scars. Other symptoms may include headache, muscle ache, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and eye infection. The symptoms usually last for 2 to 4 weeks.
The diagnosis of apkoppor is based on the clinical signs and symptoms, as well as the history of exposure to infected animals or humans. Laboratory tests can also confirm the diagnosis by detecting the virus or its antibodies in blood samples or skin lesions. However, these tests are not widely available or accessible in many regions where apkoppor occurs.
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Treatment and prevention of apkoppor
There is no specific treatment or cure for apkoppor. The treatment is mainly supportive and symptomatic, such as providing fluids, painkillers, antihistamines, antibiotics for secondary infections, and eye drops for eye complications. In some cases, antiviral drugs such as cidofovir or brincidofovir may be used to reduce the severity or duration of the disease.
The prevention of apkoppor involves avoiding contact with infected animals or humans, wearing protective clothing and gloves when handling sick animals or their tissues, washing hands frequently with soap and water or alcohol-based hand sanitizer, disposing of animal carcasses safely, and reporting any suspected cases to health authorities. There is no licensed vaccine for apkoppor available for humans. However, some studies have suggested that the vaccine for smallpox may provide some protection against apkoppor.
History and epidemiology of apkoppor
Discovery and identification of apkoppsvirus
The apkoppsvirus was first discovered in 1958 during an investigation of crab-eating macaques (a tree-dwelling species of monkeys) that were kept as experimental animals at the State Serum Institute in Current situation and risk factors of apkoppor
The current situation of apkoppor is concerning, as the disease has been reported in more than 20 countries in Africa, as well as in the United States and the United Kingdom. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers apkoppor to be a priority disease that requires enhanced surveillance and response. The WHO estimates that between 1970 and 2017, there were more than 1000 human cases of apkoppor, with a case fatality rate of about 10%. However, the actual number of cases may be much higher, as many cases may go undetected or unreported due to lack of awareness, diagnostic capacity, or access to health care.
The risk factors for apkoppor include contact with infected animals or humans, living in or travelling to endemic areas, having a low level of immunity due to lack of vaccination or previous exposure, and having a compromised immune system due to HIV infection, malnutrition, or other conditions. Some animal species, such as rodents, squirrels, monkeys, and dogs, are known to be reservoirs or hosts of the apkoppsvirus. These animals can transmit the virus to humans through bites, scratches, or contact with their body fluids or tissues. Human-to-human transmission can also occur through direct contact with skin lesions, respiratory droplets, or contaminated objects. The risk of human-to-human transmission is higher in crowded settings, such as households, health facilities, or schools. Conclusion and FAQs
Summary and main points of the article
In conclusion, apkoppor is a rare but serious disease that is caused by the apkoppsvirus, which can infect various mammals and humans. Apkoppor can cause fever, rash, and other complications, and can be fatal in some cases. Apkoppor is mainly found in Africa, where it affects both wild and domestic animals, as well as humans. Apkoppor can be transmitted through contact with infected animals or humans, or through contaminated objects. Apkoppor can be diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms, and by laboratory tests. Apkoppor can be treated by supportive and symptomatic care, and by antiviral drugs in some cases. Apkoppor can be prevented by avoiding contact with infected animals or humans, wearing protective clothing and gloves, washing hands frequently, disposing of animal carcasses safely, and reporting any suspected cases to health authorities. There is no licensed vaccine for apkoppor available for humans, but the smallpox vaccine may provide some protection.
Frequently asked questions about apkoppor
Here are some of the most common questions that people may have about apkoppor:
Question
Answer
What is the difference between apkoppor and smallpox?
Apkoppor and smallpox are both caused by viruses that belong to the same family (Poxviridae) and genus (Orthopoxvirus), but they are different species of viruses. Apkoppor is caused by the apkoppsvirus, while smallpox is caused by the variola virus. Apkoppor is less severe and less contagious than smallpox, and has a lower case fatality rate. Apkoppor mainly affects animals and humans in Africa, while smallpox was a global disease that was eradicated in 1980.
How common is apkoppor?
Apkoppor is very rare, as it only occurs in a few countries in Africa, where it affects both animals and humans. The exact number of cases is unknown, as many cases may go undetected or unreported. However, the WHO estimates that between 1970 and 2017, there were more than 1000 human cases of apkoppor, with a case fatality rate of about 10%. The largest outbreak of apkoppor occurred in 2003 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where more than 500 cases were reported.
Is apkoppor contagious?
Apkoppor is contagious, but not very easily. The virus can be transmitted from animals to humans, or from humans to humans, through direct contact with saliva, respiratory secretions, wound fluids, or feces of infected animals or humans. The virus can also be transmitted through contact with contaminated objects, such as clothing, bedding, or utensils. However, the risk of human-to-human transmission is low, as the virus does not spread easily through the air or through casual contact.
Can apkoppor be cured?
There is no specific cure for apkoppor. The treatment is mainly supportive and symptomatic, such as providing fluids, painkillers, antihistamines, antibiotics for secondary infections, and eye drops for eye complications. In some cases, antiviral drugs such as cidofovir or brincidofovir may be used to reduce the severity or duration of the disease. However, these drugs are not widely available or accessible in many regions where apkoppor occurs.
Can apkoppor be prevented?
Apkoppor can be prevented by avoiding contact with infected animals or humans, wearing protective clothing and gloves when handling sick animals or their tissues, washing hands frequently with soap and water or alcohol-based hand sanitizer, disposing of animal carcasses safely, and reporting any suspected cases to health authorities. There is no licensed vaccine for apkoppor available for humans, but the smallpox vaccine may provide some protection. However, the smallpox vaccine is not recommended for routine use, as it may have serious side effects. The smallpox vaccine may be given to people who are at high risk of exposure to apkoppor, such as health workers, laboratory staff, or travelers to endemic areas.
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