The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful non-distributed computer systems in the world. The project was started in 1993 and publishes an updated list of the supercomputers twice a year. The first of these updates always coincides with the International Supercomputing Conference in June, and the second is presented at the ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference in November. The project aims to provide a reliable basis for tracking and detecting trends in high-performance computing and bases rankings on HPL,[1] a portable implementation of the high-performance LINPACK benchmark written in Fortran for distributed-memory computers.
The 60th TOP500 was published in November 2022. Since June 2022, USA's Frontier is the most powerful supercomputer on TOP500, reaching 1102 petaFlops (1.102 exaFlops) on the LINPACK benchmarks.[2] The United States has by far the highest share of total computing power on the list (nearly 50%),[3] while China currently leads the list in number of systems with 173 supercomputers, with the USA not far behind in second place.
10 most powerful supercomputers in the world
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As of August 2022[update], all supercomputers on TOP500 are 64-bit, mostly based on CPUs using the x86-64 instruction set architecture (of which 384 are Intel EMT64-based and 101 are AMD AMD64-based, including the top 1 and most systems on top 10, with only one Intel-based on top 10, the 9th). The few exceptions are all based on RISC architectures. Six supercomputers are based on ARM64, seven are based on the Power ISA used by IBM Power microprocessors, no longer any SPARC-based, but previously the list had three supercomputers based on Fujitsu-designed SPARC64 chips. One computer uses another non-US design, the Japanese PEZY-SC (based, in part, on the British 32-bit ARM[10]) as an accelerator paired with Intel's Xeon.
Since November 2015, no computer on the list runs Windows (while Microsoft reappeared on the list in 2021 with Ubuntu based on Linux). In November 2014, Windows Azure[16] cloud computer was no longer on the list of fastest supercomputers (its best rank was 165th in 2012), leaving the Shanghai Supercomputer Center's Magic Cube as the only Windows-based supercomputer on the list, until it also dropped off the list. It was ranked 436th in its last appearance on the list released in June 2015, while its best rank was 11th in 2008.[17] There are no longer any Mac OS computers on the list. It had at most five such systems at a time, one more than the Windows systems that came later, while the total performance share for Windows was higher. Their relative performance share of the whole list was however similar, and never high for either. In 2004 System X supercomputer based on Mac OS X (Xserve, with 2,200 PowerPC 970 processors) once ranked 7th place.[18]
Numbers below represent the number of computers in the TOP500 that are in each of the listed countries or territories. As of 2022, China has the most supercomputers on the list, with 162 machines. The United States has the highest aggregate computational power at 2,024 Petaflops Rmax with Japan second (595 Pflop/s) and China third (490 Pflop/s).
On 7 May 2019, The U.S. Department of Energy announced a contract with Cray to build the "Frontier" supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Frontier is anticipated to be operational in 2021 and, with a performance of greater than 1.5 exaflops, should then be the world's most powerful computer.[88]
Finally, another change within the TOP10 occurred at the No. 10 spot with the new addition of the Adastra system at GENCI-CINES in France. It achieved an HPL benchmark score of 46.1 Pflop/s and is the second most powerful machine in Europe, behind LUMI.
Installed at the Forschungszentrum Jülich research centre in Germany, the Atos-built supercomputer JUWELS Booster Module is capable of achieving 85 petaFLOPS. This is equivalent to the computing power of over 300,000 modern PCs. The JUWELS Booster Module is powered by AMD EPYC processors and Nvidia A100 GPUs, making it the most powerful supercomputer in Europe.
In 2018, the new generation SuperMUC supercomputer officially came into service at the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre in Garching, near Munich (Germany). Built by Lenovo with technology from the company and Intel, the most powerful supercomputer in the European Union achieves a processing speed of 19.5 petaflops.
The current list of the most powerful computers was unveiled at the SC15 conference in Austin last week, revealing that development in high-performance computing has largely plateaued, but China is making strides compared to other countries.
The Santa Clara, California-based chipmaker also said that its Epyc processors power five of the top 10 most-powerful supercomputers in the world and eight of the ten most efficient supercomputers, according to the latest Top500 Supercomputer and Green500 lists. AMD has 94 systems on the top 500 list. The fastest system is made by HPE.
The performance number delivered by this single generation of AMD Instinct based systems on the Top500 List, almost equals the combined Flops of the rest of the 161 accelerated system on Top500On the Green500 list, AMD EPYC processors and AMD Instinct accelerators now power the four most efficient supercomputers in the world. Beyond that, AMD products are in eight of the top ten, and 17of the top 20 most efficient.
But unknown to many, today's supercomputers are already so powerful that they're blurring the line between science fiction and reality almost yearly. In this list, let's take a look at the world's eight most powerful supercomputers.
Feel free to remind yourself what is a supercomputer if you'd like more context for better understanding before we start this list. We'll list supercomputers in descending order, i.e., from the most powerful to the least powerful.
Frontier is also the most efficient supercomputer in the world, with a power efficiency rating of 52.23 gigaflops/watt. Each of its 74 computing cabinets weigh about 8,000 pounds (3.63 tons), and the entire system costs a whopping $600 million in total.
It's truly mind-blowing to see just how powerful supercomputers are. The job that would take humans several years to perform and regular personal computers weeks, supercomputers can do in a few seconds. It won't be long until Frontier is outcompeted by yet another supercomputer that's faster and more efficient.
India's largest supercomputer PARAM Siddhi-AI had made headline last year for being inducted as the 62nd rank holder in the list of most powerful supercomputers in the world. This ranking of the most powerful non-distributed computer systems in the world is released by the biannual Top500 list, the 56th edition of which was released in November 2020. To find a place on this list is no mean feat; to give you an idea of how powerful these computers are: the aggregate performance of all 500 is 2.43 exaflops on the latest list. But which are the top 10 position holders on this list? Here's a compilation:
The National Science Foundation awards $60 million to the Texas Advanced Computing Center to build a new supercomputer that will be the fastest at any U.S. university and among the most powerful in the world.
Frontera is the latest in a string of successful awards and deployments by TACC with support from NSF. Since 2006, TACC has built and operated three supercomputers that debuted in the Top 10 most powerful systems in the world: Ranger (2008), Stampede1 (2012) and Stampede2 (2017). Three other systems debuted in the Top 25.
If completed today, Frontera would be the fifth most powerful system in the world, the third fastest in the U.S. and the largest at any university. For comparison, Frontera will be roughly twice as powerful as Stampede2 (currently the fastest university supercomputer), and 70 times faster than Ranger, which operated until 2013. To match what Frontera will compute in just one second, a person would have to perform one calculation every second for roughly one billion years.
SequoiaSequoia, at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory alongside Vulcan and other less powerful supercomputers, maintains its No.3 ranking and tops the list of most powerful machines that do not use GPU-type accelerators alongside its main processor cores.
Since 2017, supercomputers capable of doing over a hundred quadrillion FLOPS, known as petaFLOPS, have been available. It's also worth noting that today, all 500 fastest supercomputers in the world run Linux-based operating systems.
The Atos-built BullSequana machine was recently deployed at the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) in Germany, making it a newcomer to the list. It's part of a modular system's design. The ParTec Modulo Cluster Software Suite is used to connect these modules. The Booster Module employs AMD EPYC processors with NVIDIA A100 GPUs for acceleration. The JUWELS Booster Module was able to achieve 44.1 HPL petaflops on its own, making it Europe's most powerful machine.
HPC5 is a Dell PowerEdge system. It is installed by an Italian corporation, Eni S.p.A. It uses Intel Xeon Gold CPUs and NVIDIA Tesla V100 GPUs to attain a performance of 35.5 petaflops. It is the most powerful system in the list when it comes to commercial applications at a customer site.
Supercomputers are complex and high-level computing systems that pack immense computing performance. Their performance gets measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS). These computers have many processing cores that produce massive performance output. Supercomputers are very important in computational and scientific research. They get generally used in large-scale research on quantum chemistry and physics, cosmology, meteorology, seismology. They are also used in nuclear studies and for defense purposes. Technological companies and institutions worldwide produce some of the most powerful supercomputers. These get ranked in the TOP500 list of most powerful supercomputers. According to the latest ranking, the Top 10 most powerful supercomputers are: 2ff7e9595c
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